I encountered this error for the first time when booting on a fresh Debian Bullseye Install.
I tried different things but for me the solution was this one (by user srs5694), I allow myself to share it because it took me some time to find it.
Boot to an emergency system.
Mount
/dev/sda1
somewhere convenient – let’s say/boot/efi
.Type “
cd /boot/efi/EFI
”.Type “
sudo cp -r ubuntu BOOT
”Type “
sudo mv BOOT/shimx64.efi BOOT/bootx64.efi
”Reboot. The system should come up normally.
Hope it helps.